{"id":4122,"date":"2021-03-08T02:43:46","date_gmt":"2021-03-08T01:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/?page_id=4122"},"modified":"2023-05-02T02:32:30","modified_gmt":"2023-05-02T00:32:30","slug":"normative-acts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/normative-acts\/","title":{"rendered":"Portfolio | Normative acts"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"4122\" class=\"elementor elementor-4122\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b342e5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b342e5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8f81df\" data-id=\"a8f81df\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab0e0e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ab0e0e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Normative acts in local government units<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7e1676 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e7e1676\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Case study<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6da4263 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6da4263\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ced8f5\" data-id=\"2ced8f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea7ab09 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ea7ab09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The reforms of the state political system carried out in 1990 (creation of self-governing communes and regions) and 1999 (creation of poviats and the introduction of a basic three-stage territorial division of the state)\u00a0transferred a large scope of independence to local societies. Municipal councils, poviat councils and regional assemblies gained the possibility of independently enacting local law in the form of resolutions. This, in turn, gave rise to the need for professional, i.e. in accordance with <a href=\"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zasady_techniki_prawodawczej\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the principles of legislative technique<\/a>, drafting of normative acts passed by local authorities. All normative acts must comply with the technical requirements that have been developed in the doctrine of law and written down in laws and regulations.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cccbad1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cccbad1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8dd182f\" data-id=\"8dd182f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7388368 elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-adv-tabs\" data-id=\"7388368\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-adv-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t        <div data-scroll-on-click=\"no\" data-scroll-speed=\"300\" id=\"eael-advance-tabs-7388368\" class=\"eael-advance-tabs eael-tabs-horizontal eael-tab-auto-active \" data-tabid=\"7388368\">\n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-nav \">\n                <ul class=\"eael-tab-inline-icon\" role=\"tablist\">\n                                            <li id=\"legal-provision-and-legal-norm\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"legal-provision-and-legal-norm-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-pen-nib\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Legal provision and legal norm<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"the-main-categories-of-law\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"the-main-categories-of-law-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-pen-nib\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >The main categories of law<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"hierarchy-of-legal-acts\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"hierarchy-of-legal-acts-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-pen-nib\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Hierarchy of legal acts<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"acts-of-local-law\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"acts-of-local-law-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-pen-nib\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Acts of local law<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                                            <li id=\"drafting-legal-acts\" class=\"inactive eael-tab-item-trigger eael-tab-nav-item\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"drafting-legal-acts-tab\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n                            \n                                                                <i class=\"fas fa-pen-nib\"><\/i>                                                            \n                                                            <span class=\"eael-tab-title title-after-icon\" >Drafting legal acts<\/span>                            \n                                                    <\/li>\n                    \n                                  <\/ul>\n            <\/div>\n            \n            <div class=\"eael-tabs-content\">\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"legal-provision-and-legal-norm-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"legal-provision-and-legal-norm-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>A legal provision<\/strong> is a grammatically correct, logical sentence, which is the basic unit of a normative act (acts, regulations, resolutions). It can be a separate sentence, article or paragraph. It may contain a complete legal norm or be only a part of it. Legal norms can be built from the submission of more provisions (derived from one or more acts). \u00a0<\/p><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Norma-prawna-EN.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"730\" height=\"169\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>A legal norm<\/strong> is a pattern of required behavior or omission in certain circumstances (order, prohibition or permission). It can be contained in the content of a single legal provision, or it can be composed of a number of provisions relating to a specific situation. A legal norm consists of three basic parts: hypothesis, disposition and sanction. The hypothesis indicates the addressee of the legal norm. It can be addressed to everyone, or to selected groups of people, or to an individually defined addressee. The disposition orders the addressee to take a specific action or to refrain from acting. The sanction, on the other hand, informs about the consequences of non-compliance with the disposition of the legal norm.<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"the-main-categories-of-law-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"the-main-categories-of-law-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Law<\/strong>, which is a set of rules of behavior in certain circumstances, can be divided into three main categories: natural law, customary law, and statutory law. Consistency between these categories is one of the basic features of a good, servile to people, system of law.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Natural law<\/strong> is the group of moral norms that are the basis of human dignity and freedom. It reflects the natural aspiration of man to truth, justice, good and beauty. It is an objectively existing part of the reality that surrounds us, just like the laws of physics. However, unlike the immutable laws of physics, moral orders and prohibitions can be broken by humans, what leads to conflicts, suffering and chaos. A formal set of fundamental norms of natural law is, among others, the Decalogue.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Customary law<\/strong> is a pattern of behavior established in the traditions of smaller and larger communities. It does not come from legislative bodies, but is passed down from generation to generation in the form of local customs. It is sometimes confirmed in the form of formalized legal acts. It is an intermediary between natural law and statutory law.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Statutory law<\/strong> is passed by authorized legislative bodies. It takes the form of laws, resolutions, ordinances and acts of local law. It should be a specification of the principles arising from natural and customary law. It is at the top of the hierarchy of the legal system built on the foundation of natural and customary law. A good system of statutory law should be consistent with natural law, complete, clear, internally consistent, stable and properly announced.\u00a0<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"hierarchy-of-legal-acts-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"hierarchy-of-legal-acts-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p style=\"text-align: justify\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Hierarchia-aktow-prawnych-EN.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"482\" \/><\/p><p><strong>The Constitution of the Republic of Poland<\/strong> is the highest legal act in the Polish legal system (the Basic Law). Its provisions are directly applicable, unless it provides otherwise. All laws and other sources of law must comply with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The Basic Law defines the basic rules for the functioning of the state.<\/p><p><strong>The Act<\/strong> is the basic act of establishing universally binding law. The law is passed by the Sejm and the Senate of the Republic of Poland, in accordance with the principles set out in the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. The bill passed by the Parliament is presented by the Marshal of the Sejm for signature to the President of the Republic of Poland, who signs it or submits it for examination by the Constitutional Tribunal. If the Constitutional Tribunal finds a law incompatible with the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, the President of the Republic of Poland refuses to sign the law.<\/p><p><strong>An ordinance<\/strong> is a normative act issued on the basis of an authorization contained in an act (statutory delegation), which allows or orders a designated state administration body to regulate a specific category of matters. An ordinance cannot be issued without statutory authorization. Its provisions cannot be too broad (exceeding the scope of statutory delegation) or contrary to the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. A statutory delegation may be obtained only by an authority indicated in the Constitution. Under martial law, the President of the Republic of Poland may issue regulations with the force of law.<\/p><p><strong>Acts of local law<\/strong> are regulations enacted by general and special government administration bodies as well as local government bodies. They are established on the basis of and within the limits of the authorizations contained in the acts. The types, name and subject matter of acts of local law are defined by statutes. The scope of these acts is limited to the area of operation of the authority which established such act. All acts of local law are announced in the Provincial Official Gazette.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\">\u00a0<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"acts-of-local-law-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"acts-of-local-law-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p style=\"text-align: justify\">Acts of local law are normative acts, which are sources of generally applicable law, but with a limited territorial scope. They are valid only in the area of operation of the authority that issued it. Acts of local law may be enacted by central and local government administration bodies.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\">Pursuant to Article 87 par. 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland:<\/p><blockquote><p>&#8220;The sources of the generally applicable law of the Republic of Poland are acts of local law in the area of operation of the authorities that established them.&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify\">Article 94 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland provides:<\/p><blockquote><p>\u201cThe bodies of local government and the state government administrative bodies, on the basis of and within the limits of the authorizations contained in the Act, establish acts of local law in force in the area of operation of these bodies. The rules and procedure for issuing acts of local law shall be specified by an Act.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote><p style=\"text-align: justify\">Legislative bodies of local self-government &#8211; municipal councils, councils of poviats and regional assemblies constitute them in the form of resolutions. The executive acts of local law are the orders of the executive bodies on the relevant administrative levels: commune heads, mayors or presidents of cities and poviat boards (not starostes). The regional boards are not competent to issue local law acts.\u00a0<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t        \n                    <div id=\"drafting-legal-acts-tab\" class=\"clearfix eael-tab-content-item inactive\" data-title-link=\"drafting-legal-acts-tab\">\n\t\t\t\t        <p style=\"text-align: justify\">The text of a normative act is built from provisions creating legal norms. The basic unit is a simple or compound sentence. If a legal norm consists of several thematically and functionally related sentences, then it is necessary to connect them with appropriate systematic units. The rules of Polish grammar always take precedence.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Paragraph<\/strong> (<strong>\u00a7<\/strong>) is the basic editorial and systematizing unit of a legal act. The content of the paragraph should, as far as possible, take the form of one sentence expressing an independent thought (legal norm). Continuity of numbering of paragraphs is maintained throughout the content of the resolution, regardless of its division into sections and chapters.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Section<\/strong>\u00a0is a set of sentences that describe a legal norm. If a paragraph is divided into several sections, then each sentence is numbered with consecutive Arabic numerals. Each section is preceded by a line spacing and numbered with an Arabic numeral with a dot, maintaining the continuity of numbering within a paragraph.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Points<\/strong> are calculations used in the text to improve clarity and facilitate the use of the legal act. They are written in Arabic numerals with brackets. An enumeration consists of an introduction and points. It can also be provided with an ending common to all points. It also makes it easier to place references to relevant text fragments. Points end with a semicolon and the last with a period.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Letters<\/strong> allow you to create at a lower level than the points. The enumeration within the point is marked with lowercase letters of the Latin alphabet, excluding Polish characters appropriate only for the Polish language (\u0105, \u0107, \u0119, \u0142, \u0144, \u00f3, \u015b, \u017b, \u017a), with brackets, with alphabetical continuity. If there are no letters of the alphabet to designate the enumeration, two-letter and multi-letter designations are introduced.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Indent<\/strong> (dash, tiret &#8220;-&#8220;) is a further enumeration within the letters. When referring to an indent, the word &#8220;indent&#8221; and the sequential number of the indent are used in words. Before that, the correct letter, point, paragraph and paragraph in which the quoted indent is contained are indicated.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Annex<\/strong>\u00a0is an integral part of a normative act, which includes, in particular, lists, charts, formulas, tables and specialist descriptions that cannot be written in the form of classic systematization units. If an annex is used, at least one provision of the normative act should contain a reference to the provisions contained in the annexes.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\"><strong>Higher level systematization units<\/strong> are chapters and divisions. They are used in the case of extensive legal acts (statutes, regulations, resolutions on spatial development plans etc). The name of the higher-level systematization unit consists of the capitalized word &#8220;Chapter&#8221; without a dot, together with the appropriate ordinal number and title.<\/p><p style=\"text-align: justify\">When referring to a specific provision, we indicate the designation of its systematization unit in the following order: &#8220;\u00a7 &#8230; sec. &#8230; point &#8230; lit. &#8230; indent &#8230;&#8221;, without commas. When an editorial unit consists of several sentences, and only one of them is intended to be referred to or indicated, it is expressed with the phrase: &#8220;\u00a7 &#8230; sec. &#8230; sentence &#8230; (word indication of the order number of the sentence).<\/p>                    <\/div>\n\t\t                    <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0ac050 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"e0ac050\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c9d00b\" data-id=\"9c9d00b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e68782 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2e68782\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Zas\u0142u\u017cony-dla-Samorz\u0105du-Lokalnego-1990-2010\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTgyNTAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b21hc3pkb21hbnNraS5ldVwvZW5cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzA1XC9aYXNsdXpvbnktZGxhLVNhbW9yemFkdS1Mb2thbG5lZ28tMTk5MC0yMDEwLnBuZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1014\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010-1024x1014.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-18250\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010-1024x1014.png 1024w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010-300x297.png 300w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010-768x760.png 768w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010-1536x1520.png 1536w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010-1320x1307.png 1320w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Zasluzony-dla-Samorzadu-Lokalnego-1990-2010.png 1663w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57e3a9e\" data-id=\"57e3a9e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adc3a52 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adc3a52\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Knowledge of the principles of legislative technique is useful not only when drafting acts of local law, but also helpful in formulating various regulations of internal law, describing processes and procedures,\u00a0<br \/>and drawing up contracts.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6338c3b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6338c3b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-size: 14pt;\">Tomasz\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\">Doma\u0144ski<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a006257 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a006257\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ff6a12\" data-id=\"7ff6a12\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0829b0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0829b0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pioneering structural work<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24655e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24655e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I had involved myself in the activities of my local government with passion and hope. My adventure in public activity began with the organization of the first free elections to the city council in my hometown, and immediately afterwards &#8211; the creation of new, local government administrative structures. In the 1990s, I was employed as the secretary of the city, and then I had been elected to hold duties of the city councilor and poviat councilor. I also co-created from scrach the Regional Chamber of Accounts in \u0141\u00f3d\u017a. After that first but intensive experience in renewed public administration, I cooperated with the Municipal Development Agency in Warsaw. Among many pioneering projects, I was responsible for creating the first organizational regulations of the City Council of Aleksandr\u00f3w \u0141\u00f3dzki and the first statute of the Poviat of Zgierz.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-22981cf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"22981cf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-12e8900\" data-id=\"12e8900\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f7d1b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3f7d1b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Regulamin-Rady-Miejskiej-Aleksandrowa-Lodzkiego-1990.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/okladka-Regulamin-RM-Aleksandrow-Lodzki-scaled-ppoa0l0kodfyw5u16ei6antsr5w6zhznfyq9kfegia.jpg\" title=\"ok\u0142adka-Regulamin-RM-Aleksandr\u00f3w-\u0141\u00f3dzki\" alt=\"ok\u0142adka-Regulamin-RM-Aleksandr\u00f3w-\u0141\u00f3dzki\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-56fe964\" data-id=\"56fe964\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae5cd1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eae5cd1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Statut-Powiatu-Zgierskiego-1999.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/okladka-Statut-Powiat-Zgierski-scaled-ppoa0l0kodfyw5u16ei6antsr5w6zhznfyq9kfegia.jpg\" title=\"ok\u0142adka-Statut-Powiat-Zgierski\" alt=\"ok\u0142adka-Statut-Powiat-Zgierski\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-925d74e\" data-id=\"925d74e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2460609 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2460609\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">City Council of Aleksandr\u00f3w \u0141\u00f3dzki<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9f988f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9f988f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">I created the regulations of the City Council as part of the duties of the city secretary. It was an act of local law of an organizational nature, which defined the structure and principles (procedures) of functioning of the new, local government authority. An important factor in the success of this task was a legal education, as well as knowledge in the field of management organization.\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3be612a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3be612a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Statute of the Zgierz Poviat<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6c8e53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e6c8e53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Self-governmental poviats started their activity in 1999, after the elections of 1998. I was responsible for developing the first statute of the Zgierski Poviat due to the function of the chairman of the Statutory and Legal Committee in the Zgierz Poviat Council.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-abeb83e elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"abeb83e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d662639\" data-id=\"d662639\" 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aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"3eaa940\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Krzysztof-Kozanecki-RM-Aleksandr\u00f3w-\u0141\u00f3dzki-1992-01\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc5NDksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b21hc3pkb21hbnNraS5ldVwvZW5cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzA1XC9Lcnp5c3p0b2YtS296YW5lY2tpLVJNLUFsZWtzYW5kcm93LUxvZHpraS0xOTkyLTAxLXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIzZWFhOTQwIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Krzysztof-Kozanecki-RM-Aleksandrow-Lodzki-1992-01-scaled.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Krzysztof-Kozanecki-RM-Aleksandrow-Lodzki-1992-01-710x1024.jpg\" 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href=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Jan-M.-Czajkowski-ZGIERZ-1994-scaled.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"Jan-M.-Czajkowski-ZGIERZ-1994\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MTc5NDgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC90b21hc3pkb21hbnNraS5ldVwvZW5cL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjJcLzA1XC9KYW4tTS4tQ3phamtvd3NraS1aR0lFUlotMTk5NC1zY2FsZWQuanBnIn0%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"715\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Jan-M.-Czajkowski-ZGIERZ-1994-715x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17948\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Jan-M.-Czajkowski-ZGIERZ-1994-715x1024.jpg 715w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Jan-M.-Czajkowski-ZGIERZ-1994-209x300.jpg 209w, 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elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc6d2c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bc6d2c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Tomasz-Domanski-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-TERYTORIALNEGO.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"724\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-724x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-17978\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-1086x1536.jpg 1086w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-1448x2048.jpg 1448w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-1320x1867.jpg 1320w, https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/okladka-UW-ISTOTA-SAMORZADU-scaled.jpg 1810w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Normative acts in local government units Case study The reforms of the state political system carried out in 1990 (creation of self-governing communes and regions) and 1999 (creation of poviats and the introduction of a basic three-stage territorial division of the state)\u00a0transferred a large scope of independence to local societies. Municipal councils, poviat councils and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"Portfolio","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"background-image","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":5767,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"top center","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"fixed","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"contain","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4122","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4122"}],"version-history":[{"count":444,"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19968,"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4122\/revisions\/19968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tomaszdomanski.eu\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}